Resonant shunt



March 16 1926. 1,576,860

J. SLEPIAN r AL RESONANT SHUNT Filed March 5, 1921 lNVENTORS Joseph J /e,o/'a/1 and cha/ es L e6. f'orzescue wnwgssnzs:

Y retested 19 2a i f of urainven o mm -se ES Jog-sea SLEPIALB-OF swrssvntn -A n CHARLES LEG. ronrnsonn, or ri'r-rsiauneii, ENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORS 'ro WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTUR rrNe QO'IVIPANYZA co PoaATIo F PENNSYLVANIA. V

1 RNSONANT sriUN'r;

7; Application filed} March 521921.}, s rial No. 449,945.

,Be it known that We, JOSEPH citizen of the United States; and a resident "'ofSWissvale, in the county of-Allegheny 5 and State of Penneyli ania', and CHARLES LE G. Fon'rnscnn, citizen ofthe United n States; and a resident. of Pittsburgh, in the I countyoit Allegheny andState of'Pennsyla vania,- have invented alnewand useful Im 10 i v the following islat'specification.

1 graphs, td'preVentZinductiVe interference Way circuit. f,

By the term resonaiit shunt ve refer to a a deyi'ce, such asla "static network, designed. 9 to offer substantially no impedance to thei' flow ofcurrent oif a.particular frequency and relatively-high impedanceto lthe flow ,of current of all other? frequencies fspeed'to supplyits own losses and thoselof the condenser, thus forming aiperiectresoriant shunt.

i Anotherob1e'ctf'of our iinventionLis "to provide an apparatus of; the class set forth, together withmeans for automatically regulatin g fth'eapparatus in such'inanner that 1 the fresonant shunt is effective ',to'prevent thej 'flowj-of currents of a' frequency correspond v ing to thatfoffthe railway circuit, irrespec ti've bf yariations off such freq1ie11cy.

OtherV-andfmore specific ob ects ot'our 5 liinyention' will become evident cfronrthe fol r flowing-l detailed descr pt on, taken f n iconjunction.witliithe accompanying drawing,

. Fig1'ire1of wlnch'jls a d agrammatic.View

ance" with one form of our present invenis a similar- View of Zia modification e f "Referring to g. oi'fthef drawing, the

provementijin Resonant Shunts', of. which,

from; an' adjacent 'alternatingscurrent ra-il- Oneio'bj ectof our invention is toprovide- 1 a devicefof thefxaboye indica-ted character '7 comprising an induction generator.havingj itsprimary Windingconnected with the telephone or' telegraph circuit to be protected 1 V and also connected in circuit/with a capaci- 9* tanc el'de'vic'e,1suchas a condenser, the lgeipv "crater-1 being drii en' jabove synchronous of an {electrical system organized ingacc ordsystem here shown comprises a main supply u I .circuitconductor 1 Whiclrinay a trolley SLnrIAN, a'

conductor of, a single-phase railway circuit,

v an 1intelligence-translnission i, conductor I 2,

such as afltelephone or: telegraph Wire that extends alongslde ther -railway' track' (not shown) in accordance with :customary as synchronous motor f}, from the:

railway supply circuit to prevent inductive nterferencebetween the railway *and 1ntelligence'conductors l and 2 respectively videdto automatically regulatefth'e faction of; -the inductiye-interference preyentive means as hereinafter set forth indetail. j

r The inductiongeneratorfi may comprise a squirrel-cage'rotor 10 that is closely coupled with asingle-phase primary .or stator Winding-11', which is here shown as connected in series relation withthe -telephone or telegraph conductor 2 aindin parallel relationtothe capacitance devicelG. i

The s nchronous motor 4 0cm 11 With-energy from. a three-phase ,circuit, 111

eration ofourinvention. Thesynchronous motor 4 is suitably conp ses suit-Q U able stator and rotor WlndlHgS,SL1Ch"aS 12:59

and 116, which are respectively supplied eluding the railway trolley'con'ductorl and-J conductors l/l and le and: from a; suitable direct-m rrent source, such as astoragebat- .tery" 17. It Will be understood that, in acw t'u'al: practice, the.direct-current field inde ,ing 16 Will preferably be placed upon the p I rotor of the synchronous motor; although this! construction is not essential to the op:

nected togdriye the induction fgenerator 3, "J as by means of a shaft 13 that jniaiyialso be In order todrive the induction generator- 1 ofpoles thereofythe synchronous motor l is.

provided with one or more pairs of poles less than the induction generator; :the}

proper selection of" the pole ratio" between the two machines, the properspeed for the induction :ino'tor will be obtained, whereby it will be adapted to supply its own losses and: also those 'roflthe parallel-connected f" e0" practice, and anpinduction generator 1 that 1s drlven. by j suitable. means, such mounted uponthe mechanical regulatingdc 9 V Vice-'3, which is here sho\vn-;as.'being"iof the" familiar fiy-ball-governor type.

' capaeitaneedei i'ce b a perfeet resonant;-shu11t to obstruct, that '-is,-to

' i ofler-aninfinite impedance'tothe passage-t terminals 27. "A rack 31 is shown as mesh;

frequencies corresponding-to the trecpuency Qfiath was s pply-1 C -suit .l E ri v-i. more; the admittance vto other, frequencies will be relatiyely high, by reason ofthe close coupling between; the primary and, t'hed'secon dary" windings of. the induction generator.

' shouldnot'be'dri-yen'so 'far above synchronism" as tofibec o'me fself'e'xc iting "in combine on with tihe' capacitance; device {5.1, f It Will be "fund'erstood that other? types of ;,dr i vi'ng motors may be employed; f desired; forl ex- 'aniple, an incl-u ctionf notoi, as'fsho'vvn Iini Fig.

i "2, or a 'sjin'gle pha 7 if fToi obtain re'sonant shunt thatfaiitomat ieally varies in a'ceord'ancie" with the changes of frequency 1 in I the} railwayfupply circuit,

,It will be a understood ithat'-tl1e generator V the" illustrated inotor generatorf set njill causethefballs or -Weights 20 and 2 lto' fly outwardly and iactuiateithe rod 82 and'i'thel rack 31-; in suchi inanner as: to rotate the.

Se. series commutator 'mo- I i to; rotatable pinion 30 centrally located with respect to the several condens is pivotally. connected toga- 1 rod 32, lnchis 'p' yotally n ounted iipon a s tatlo ary pin The lower end of thevrod is rigidlyisecured to tl elsliding"bloek28 the fly ball governo ia Consequentlyigan increase in the speedin with the underside of the pinion .30 and nectediconde nsers In' other Words, the" -total capacity of -th e condenslve devlce:

Varies inversely Withthe speed oi the i-nd'uo-i I tion generator thatxis to say, invers'el W1th the frequency of the. ra lway circuit,

'thus; at all timesflpreyentin .thQi-passage fromrwhich the synchronous no'torltiiswlfecl' 1 ofjfrequenci es "cor' spending oj;=that' o{f the "railway" circuit,ja d consequently, contini uousl-y 'preventin nductive;intertenenee in the intelligence:transmission systennwe provide the device 5Fforregulating or governing-the capacity ofjt'h'e condensiye device 6, as "hereinafter'setl forth in detail,

' 'p'ri-sin g1a plurality of ballsei eights nergw'ithfa block or col-l ar QQT'that is rigidly secured to vthefinach-ine shaft 1 3, and also [to a'secondiblockor collar '23 thatisflongitu diiially slidable on the -'shaft 13 or on a I shaft that is f d riven} synchronously there- 'With1 "Th'e balls xor Weights QO-and' 21;; are

crater; The other t'e rinina ls??? ioit the con- =densers 25' "are" normally disconnectech'f but are adapted to be-eonnected by a movable 'rc'uate contactstrip 28 which is connected, 7 {by means o-f a flexible conductor 29, tothe, 'otherpt'er ni-nal of the primary'winding 11 of the indu'CtiOn gene'ratOr. j Thus, "any selected number of condensers may be; conj nected 'i-n'fparallel relation to provide the "desired ca acitance.

- lhe' con-tact strip 528' -sui'tabiy secured The governingdeviee 5 is shown asjcoinandf21 Which-are linked, in'fafamiliar inan- The'direct-current or stator windingilli*of'the induction gen-[ 7 Byreasonot the illustrated regulating a paratusfthe inductiongenerator 3 is'al'wa;

iiconibinedwith. the propenam'ount oflcapaci tanc'e from the conden'sive device 6t'o;pro

duce a shunt circuit that is resonant to. p the particular frequency that obtains in the rail,- Way. circuit at any instant. .i lVhereas, in' Fig l 1 We have shown a. mei chanical nieans forxproperly varying: the amount of capacitaneexc-in parallel relatio 'to I the l induction genera-tor .7 3," in Fig. f2jwve have illustrated an'electrical means for'. conipiishing a similar object. in

InfF-igLQ, the induction'generatorfi-and 2 the capac'itance device GYLare provided an connected as in the systein shown in Fi 1",- hile an induction motor' ifiis einploye '-;:in-'lieu' of. the synchronous-motorithat is, shownjin Fig. 1. In addition, a! small direct current generator is driven-syn =chronously with ,the' machine shaft 13 I to supply r energy to a small direct-current torque motor 36 that is adapted to directly .drive the a-rcuate contact strip 2815f; the ca:

fpacitance device-16. 4 V I v T generator; 35 maygon prise an armature 3.7; that is llIQllDfQiClili-FQG ly upon the machine shaft 13, 21 shunt field 5 Winding 38 being providedftliereforz and being connected, through a variable resistor across anysuitable ,source of energy, a

such as thestorage'battery 17; he diree -'current torque motor 36 may be o f it: siin-- 3? ila-r type comprising an. arniatu re 40 and; a

shunt"fiel dfwinding 41 that eonnec ithrough avariable resistor iz to tlielte in 'nals of the battery l7; "TIliearinatu-re niayff be mechanically .coupled ;.to' the -1no able] contact strip .28 inf any suitablefm-a ner, as by shaft; 43. Furthe'rn1o1'e',;?th Vmotor'36 works in-oopposition to 'restori-n yvi thnsualpractice, v r

' means, suchas; a weight-44, in: accordance V 1 l lieyoltag e "and V I the torque' noto 36, W 1 ereby the armature 9160340' l ;Will be understood thatthe direct cur i'ent toi'quejn1'otor 361'is shown for illustrahive purposes only fandthat any "otherdevice, the displacement?of.which is propor= H 5 tional"to"'tlre yolta gefapplied thereto, may

be employed-fort1e desired'purpose; The induction motor 45; comprises *a prito "the three-phase supply-circuit" cnducilOftrs E3 14: and andlfurth'e'l' comprises a secondary or rotorl;winding'%l7"of the slipring type. threeejsectionlvariable resistor 48 is connectedj n circu t Withthe' second ary winding fi of the induction 111M013, for the familiarspeed-Varyingpurpose; J 1 The resistor is associa'ted'With a suitable three-part'fsivitching device 49' whereby the f three-phases the secondary v winding 47 inlay;besimultaneously varied in'resistancevalue; fThe switching"device 49r may be directly mounted; upon the shaft 430i the h fivariableicapacitancegdev e 6. f

' The" relation of 1 parts is suc'hi the ina-clusionbfa greater number oficondensers I -will, through the agency offthe switchingdeViceQ, effectfa-decrease "of the sec- "Jonda'ry'fresistor- .48 and' therefore, an in creased speed of the induction motor It'Will' be;. understood that the induction i motor -is provided with One or more pairs of poles'ile'ss' than the induction generator 3,- asw the case;with*the synchronous y V yin insure proper operation ofiitlie induction generato thus, effectingpractically com- "plete eliImnation of interfering frequencies I aim the elegraph or other intelligence-trans- 'missionconductor 2; it

4- lt -viill be un e sea-Quain as other at;

,vi e forigpe'rformingia 'function si rnilar" to that ust set .fm th -1na'y;b

iea ppa tus s own. in

I current generator -'rai'se d;1n speed" to pro degre I "correspondingly rtionately Increase tion odecrease the-mum er ofcondensers l at are. connected in" p a1 1n ther- Wo'rc'lsftoyary is actively 'connected ,a

ossfi tlie induction 1. 'rt'vegsee j,

t mar -Or stator Winding 46fthat is connected thereby the generator mayo-be e-- employed if 'de- "speedandhaving one Winding connected'in' f' displacement of rotated n' acounter clockwisedirecllel relation, or, he capacity, that Furthermore,-'the speed of the driving in ductionmotor 4 5 is auton'iatically increased 'in-accordancelwith' the losses corresponding tofthe various positions of the capacitance "devlc'ef6." This statementwill become evident front the following explanation. As

the Contact strip .28 is rotated in a clockwise fdll'eCtlOn, iorexainp le, to gradu'allyuncrease the number of condensersgf) that are con nected I111 parallel relation, thereby increasvtion' of frequency in the railn'ay supply coning the-losses'in the resonant shunt 'circuit,

thefswitchingdeyice 49 isrotated in the same 7 direction to correspondingly decrease theactive Values of the sections-of the sec-f" ondary IQSlStOf/LS. Consequently5'thespeed;

of'the driving induction 11101101345 'is increased to justthe extent necessary to over- 1 come or compensate for the additional losses entailed by the operation of the capacitance device-6 to its-new position.

to the frequency that obtains intherail; Way circuit atany instant' is secured.

It Will be understood that various other methods, both electrical and niechanical, may i be employed for effecting the desired automatic operation Without-departingifrom the spirit and sc'o'pefof the'present invention; Consequently, WQIlO not Wish tobe restricted to the specific circuit connections, struc- '.tural details or arrangement of'parts herein set forth, buttoi e limited only 'bythe scope-oi the appended claims.

' NVe claim as our inventionrr 1. The'fcombination withaplurality of adjacent? conductors corresponding to diiien I 5 i i l 10 ent} circuits, of f means -forpreyenting inducti'veiinterference in one of said circuits'comprising 5 an asynchronous machine having one 1 Winding connected in; said one-circuit 2. The con1bination with'a power conduittor and an ad acent ntel l1gence-translnis slon conductor, of means for prevent ng inductive interference in the circuit-'01 said intelligence conductor comprising an inductron generatoroperating above synchronous circuit W-ithsaid intelligence conductor.

The combination-With a power conductor and an ad acent 1ntelllgence-transmistion generator operating above synchronous i speed and havlng its stator Winding inseries relation with said intelligence conductor.

4. The combination with'z't power conduc for and an adjacent irit'elligence-transmis: a,

sion conductor, of means for preventing inaf ductive interference in the 'circuit of said intelligenceconductor-compri'sing an induc: 5; generator winding 11; inversely to the 'varia tion; generator having: one Winding in cir i e. ficuitiwith said intelligence conductor and a. mission conductor, 10f means or. preventing 1 'inotor energized from said power conductoiinductive interference in thekgii'cuit 'a s;nd

't'or driving sztid genefatorg f 1 e intelligence conductorcomprising;aniindu- 5. Then combination With-fa plui'zilityfof tion generator halving) its st; tto f\i/inding in :i cen't conductors correspondingtoi'difi'er- 1 series relation, with *Stidl intelligenceiconntfcircuits, of m'etnsf'o'r pfeventingjinducductof and having-[2v capacitance deviceli ve interference one'of-sa id;ci1 cuits'comshunt relation to said Winding, and ainotoi ipi'ising' an usynchfonous machine :lun ing for driving the rotonof-said generator above oneiwinding connected insaid OHGl CiIGHiU synchronousfspeed If 7 1 10'and'ineans energizedv from theotherfcircuitl The "combinationnvith-a powei' con- ":fordriving saidmstchine.v

f I ductonend -anedjecent[intelligenc trgtns e 6; The coinbineut gin/Within plurality ofT-missi'on}. conduct-01 305 meansnornntllyzidj acent conductors coizresponding to differ-i fadaptedto prevent inductive interference in ent circuits, ofmeansfoifpi'event ngiii dum 'the ,cii'cuitfof said intelligenceconductor tiveinterferenceinoneofsaidci 'cuitslcoin and means fol 1 varying the; first .uar'ried fl prising an asynchronous achineheving one" means to f'ziutonmticall-y compensate": for J winding- -connected.in solid one' circuit-and Vili'iiLlJlOIiSdh the frequency .o'f-thepower niotoi' fedfromjthe'jother cii'cuit foidriv- ,circuit. I u V ing said ina chine alooyesynchronous=s1iee.d.- l4. Th coinbinzttion' withnpowerficon- 7. The combination wit-hie; powerconduc ductoundapted :-t'0 receive a variable-fie torencl an Igdjacentiintelligenceati an'sinis que'ncy current andan adjacentintelligence c" sionconductoifi;ofmeansfor'preventingin transmission,conductor, off a circuit com 1 uductiiie i-nteriel en'ce ii -the circuit said in-r, prising inductfie and con densive elements telligen'ce conductor comprising i1 induc zissoci'itednvith:said'intelligenceconductor i 'tion geneiatoi having onewind-ing in series and means, for automatically maintaining 9 relation with said intelligence conductor and said circuit elements resonant to the Yiil a motor energizje'dfjfrom said power conduc- .abl'e frequency of the, current traversing; tor for; driving said generatoii aboyefsynw a d PQW u t f-K chronou's speed. r

V- 15. The combination with a power-co Si-The combination- With abplumlity -of'ducton adapted to receive a variable fre 9, acent conductors corresponding to differquencycurrent and an'adj a cent intelligence he nt circuits, of ineans for preventing induc transmissionconductor, 015a circuit included tiveinterferenceinone ofrsaid circuits com-; in said intelligence conductor land resonan -prising ane-asynchronous machine having one to} the normal frequency of said" power!" con i 5 Winding connectedv to f saidgone circuit and ,ductorandfincluding a" winding-of an; asyn i a capacitance device jin'icirjcui't' with said? chronouSyi maihine,yi;md (means for auto f windin g, -:T1na-tica1-ly. vary ng. t e. 'p e 'oifsa d machin '9. The" combination ith m plurality-"of to' c0 nensate in saidiesonalnt circl litfitor adj ac'ent conductors .corfespondingito differ ivai'sations in the-frequencyof the; current ;ent circuits, of meansflfo'r preventingiinduc- 'tieife singfsaid-condi1cto1fi i 7 1;

- tive interference in "onevof-said circuits-coln- I 15 The combinetion With-a 1 PQWQI a ,I-prising an asyn chifonous machine f-haVing ducto a'de pted tofreceive; a varizibleafr :oneW-inding} connected inysaid onefcil cuit quency 'rentand an'adjacent intelligenc and-La movablecapacitance; device-1 partil-s tfansmi'ssion coriductor, ofefcircuitinserie 5 le'l relation to "sai'clw'ritin l j f 1'e1ation{ ,wi-th said-intelligence conducto 10." The;combination-"Within power con-(and "resonant to, the. normal-frequencyeo ductonlandan adjacent intelligence-'t -1;1nssaid power conductor and? including the -mission conductor ofmeans 'for prei enting 'statorflfyvinding of tin-"induction generatoi in d-uctiveinter-ferencefin the ,cii'cuit of;said and, drivinglmez ns for 'saidgener'zttor hai I 9mintelligence conductor coinprising zin ,induc-fing its speed dependentiupon'the frequency I tion genera-tor having one Winding'incirj of tl'ie;cur rent traversing saidjpfcjwer con "cuitwith said;intelligence:conductor and El; ductofi to automatically compensate in said -fcapztcita-nce devicev fin *cii'cuit njvitli said resonant circuit -1 01" Variation" winding.- 7 I r 1 v frequency i 1 ..11.:The-combine onf with kwlpowex con-f. l 17;; The combination Witlfmpluritlity o "d'u ctor and an. id e cent intelligehceetransvadjacent conductorsco -responding to (lief miSSiOILQOBdHGEQi,,Of n cansfo 'preventing ferent circuits, of means f0 'pi'eventingin I inductive interference .in-the circuit. of said jr'ductive intefferen one of said 01mm 7 intelligence, conductor comprising arii=nduc- 'comprisingsan"as chronousuntehin ha tion generatorfhaving' one Winding" series ing' ;one. Winding connectefdft'o said one 01 i-elation With-said intelligence conductor cuit 'a'n d a ariable apacitance devic and it Variable capacitancejdevice. inpamL circuit with said .w1nding,' and-fmeans f flel'nelati'on toisaid inding. I varying the speed of said" inachine'fl 112.. The combination:twith aipower con-' cordance fwith the 1 active value} of said I 'F fiductor"andian adjacent intelligence-trans capacitence deYice,

Theicombination with aplurality of adjacent conductors Corresponding to different circuits, of means 'for preventing in;

ductive interference in one of said circuits comprising an asynchronous machine having one' winding connected; to said one. circuit and a variable capacitance device in circuit withsaid windingand means for varying the ispeediof said machinelto compensate for the iosse's caus'ed' by -said capacitance device.

"a 19; -;T he combination 7 with a power con- "ductor vand an adjacent intelligence-transmission conductor, of meansfor preventing inductiveinterference in the circuit of said intelligence conductorcomprising an-induction. "'enerator havin one windin in circuit with said intelligence conductor and a' variable/capacitance device incircuit with said winding and: means for varying the speed ofig saidnnachine'.in accordance; with the active value ofsaid' capacitance device.

"Q20.":The combination with a ,power conductorf and; i an/adjacent {intelligence-trans "mission conductor, ofmea'ns for preventing inductive interference in the circuit of said intelligence: conductor comprising an induc- [tion generator having one wind ng 1n series relation-w th sa d intelligence conductor and a variable capacitance device in parallel relation. rto-fsaid winding and means for -varying the speedoI" said machine to 'compensate for the losses vcaused by said capacitance-device. J

21.,The combination with a power con i ductor o and an adj acenlt, intelligence-transmission jco'nductor, of means for preventing inductive interference-in the circuit of said intelligencefconductor comprising an induction generator having onejwinding iii-series relation with said vintelligence conductor and a variable capacitance. device 1n parallel relation to said windingfa motor for dr vlIlgl the rotor of-fsaid generator above synchronousespeedand means for varying I the speed of said {motor --tof'compensatefor the losses-caused by said capacitance device.

122;?The combination with a power con ductor and; an adjacent intelligence-transmission conductor, ofmeans comprising a capacitance-device for preventing inductive genceconductor irrespective of the losses caused by said device.

23. The combination with a power conductor and an adjacent intelligence-transmission conductor, of means comprising interference in the circuit oii said intellia 'variablecapacitance device normally adapted, to prevent inductive'interference in the circuitof said intelligence conductor and means for varying the first-named means to automatically compensate for losses caused by said deviceq p s 24. Tl e .combination with a plurality of adjacent'conductors corresponding to dif ferent circuits, of means for preventing inductive interference in one of saidcircuits comprising-an asynchronous machine haw ing one winding connected to said one circuit and a capacitance device in circuit with saidiwinding andmeans responsive to variations of said device for correspondingly varying the machine speed.

25. The combination with a power c0n'-- ductor and an adjacent intelligence-transmission conductor, of 'means for preventing ,cuit with said intelligence transmission conductor and amultiposition condenserdevice in circuit with said winding, a driving motor for said generator and means for varying the speed of said motor inaccordance withthe losses corresponding to any position of said condenser device.-

In testimonywvhereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names this 28th day" of February-1921. JOSEPH SLEPIAN. r o CHARLES LE G. FOBTESCUE. 

